mathematics
problems 2






The Last Toffee

Somebody had taken the last toffee from the tin, much to the annoyance of the other three. Who could have taken it, given that only one of the following statements is true?

Angela - 'Bhavin took the last toffee'
Bhavin - 'Dave took the last toffee'
Cynthia - 'Who, me? Can't be!'
Dave - 'Bhavin is lying when he says I took the toffee'
solution


Addition Problem

APPLE + LEMON = BANANA

Substitute the numbers 0-9 for the letters above to create a true addition. solution


BirthYear

Add the four digits that make up the year of your birth. Subtract the answer from the year of your birth. The answer you get is a multiple of nine. Why is this?
solution



Number Trick

Think of a number less than 10.
Multiply it by 2.
Add 3 then multiply your answer by 5.
Now add another number less than 10.
Subtract 15 and look at your answer!
what do you notice?

Can you use algebra to explain this? solution


Weather Forecasts

It rains here one day out of three. Our local radio meteorologist, who is wrong in her daily forecasts, one time out of two, when she should have predicted good weather but wrong only one time out of five when she should have forecast rain. Each morning, I leave home for the day. If I depart without an umbrella and it rains, I am twice as annoyed as if it had been fair and I had taken my umbrella with me. "Would I be wiser," I wonder, "to listen to the morning weather forecast and take my umbrella only if rain is predicted? Or should I consistently carry it? Or should I never take it? What would you advise? solution


Sequences

what is the next number in the sequence

77, 49, 36, 18, ...

solution


The Horserace!
A Problem by J.A.H. Hunter.

"Prune won and Quiz beat Rustler by a short head for second place," Sid insisted. "Satan was lengths behind." Bill shook his head. "Prune never won," he said. "But you're right about Quiz coming in second." Joe wasn't taking that. "I was on the rails half way down the stretch, and I saw Quiz win. Zulu was second with Prune third, and Satan way behind like he wasn't interested." The other two laughted. "I only say what I saw," Bill declared, "Zulu was third with Rustler fourth." In fact each of them had made two mistakes, although Rustler was certainly one of the four horses in the race. What was the actual order of finishing? solution


Riding between the lines

A 5 km long army marches in a straight line at a constant speed. A mounted messenger boy at the rear named Gabriel leaves his position to deliver a message to the General at the head of the army. He too travels in a straight line at constant speed. When Gabriel shouts his message at the front he immediately turns round and heads towards the rear at his original speed. When he reaches the rear Gabriel notices that he is where the front of the army was when he began.

How far did Gabriel travel? solution


Maths Poem
Four circles to the kissing come,
The smaller are the benter.
The bend is just the inverse of
The distance from the centre.
Though their intrigue left Euclid dumb
There's now no need for rule of thumb.
Since zero bend's a dead straight line
And concave bends have minus sign,
The sum of squares of all four bends
Is half the square of their sum.
Frederick Soddy (1877-1956) Nature, v. 137, 1936.



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